Attitude towards the Common European Currency

Is the respondent 'for' or 'against' a common European currency (single currency) replacing the national currencies in all EC / EU member states

[See notes for exact question wording over time.]

Starting with Eurobaromerer 61

What is your opinion on each of the following statements? Please tell me for each statement whether you are for or against it ... A European Monetary Union with one single currency, the EURO ...

Is the respondent 'for' or 'against' a European Currency accepted as well as the national currencies?

[Please see notes for exact question wording.]

Direction which the unification of Western Europe should take: a single European currency mentioned/not mentioned?

(1) Please note that the variable names refer to the final ICPSR/ZA codebook editions, if available. Otherwise future changes of variable names (in parenthesis) are possible.

(2) "Would you be favourable to, opposed to, or indifferent to ... the currency being replaced by a European Currency?"

(3) "Are you for or against (or have no feelings one way or the other) to the following ... if the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) were replaced by a European Currency?"

(4) "Supposing you were asked to vote on the following ideas, which would then apply to all countries equally in the European Community. Would you vote for or against ... to have a European Currency as well as our own, with notes and coins that could be used everywhere in the ten countries of the European Community in the same way we use our own (currency) here in (country)?"

(5) "Would you be for, against, or not mind either way if (national currency) were replaced by a European Currency?"

(6) "And would you be for, against or not mind either way if, as well as the existing national currencies, one could freely use a European Currency which would be accepted in all the countries of the European Community?"

(7) "Are you be for or against creating between the twelve countries of the European Community by 1992 ... a single European Currency, the ECU?"

(8) "The Council of Heads of State and Governments of the European Community has called for intergovernmental conferences (this December) to discuss details of a European Economic and Monetary Union and of a Political Union. I am going to read you a number of statements. For each one please tell me whether you are in favour or not, of ... within this European Economic and Monetary Union, a single common currency replacing the different currencies in the Member States in five or six years time?"

(9) "Following the meeting in Maastricht, (EB38.0: "At the moment) the debate on European Union continues. Could you please tell me whether you are in favour or not, of ... within this European Economic and Monetary Union, a single common currency replacing the different currencies in the Member States in five or six years time?"

(10) (EB38.0/38.1/39.0: "Irrespective of other details of the Maastricht Treaty ...) "What is your opinion on each of the following proposals (statements)? Please tell me for each proposal, whether you are for it or against it: There should (EB49 ff.: has to) be (a European Monetary Union with) one single currency (the EURO) (replacing (by 1999) the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) and all other national currencies of the Member States of the European Community (European Union))."

(11) "Einmal angenommen, es kommt zu einer Währungsunion aller Staaten in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft, wären Sie dann dafür oder dagegen, wenn es keine D-Mark mehr geben würde, sondern nur noch ein einheitliches europäisches Geld?" (asked only in Germany)

(12) "The European Community plans to introduce a common currency by 1999 at latest, the ECU. Are you in favour of replacing the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) or are you not in favour?

(13) "In general, are you strongly in favour, somewhat in favour, somewhat opposed or strongly opposed to the ECU being adopted as the single currency?"

(14) "Some people think it would be best for (OUR COUNTRY) to keep it's own currency and make it more independent from other European currencies. Others think the best thing would be to create a common European currency. What do you think? Should (OUR COUNTRY) keep it's (NATIONAL CURRENCY) and make it more independent from other European currencies, or should we aim at one common European currency?" (10-point-scale)

(15) "Are you for or against the European Union having one European Currency in all member states, including (OUR COUNTRY)? That is, replacing the (NATIONAL CURRENCY) by the European currency. Are you ... very much for, somewhat for, somewhat against, very much against?"

(16) Different question wording and answer scale: "Are you for or against the European Union having one European currency in all
member states, including (OUR COUNTRY) once we have joined? That is, replacing the (NAME OF NATIONAL CURRENCY) by the European currency, the Euro ? Are you... ? 4 - very much for; 3 - somewhat for; 2 - somewhat against; 1 - very much against

(17)  "What is your opinion on each of the following statements? Please tell me for each statement whether you are for or against it. A European Monetary Union with one single currency, the EURO ...