National Identity - European Identity - World Identity

Eurobarometer 17 to 26, and 37.0 (questionnaire splitting) (4) (7)

Do you ever think of yourself not only as (nationality) citizen, but also as a citizen of Europe? Does this happen often, sometimes or never?

Eurobarometer 27 to 36, and 37.0 (questionnaire splitting) (4)

Do you ever think of yourself as not only (nationality), but also European? Does this happen often, sometimes or never?

Eurobarometer 64.2 (new follow up question)

And do you ever think of yourself as citizen of the world? Does this happen often, sometimes or never?

Reference of interest: UK-DA case study: When do people feel European? European identity, EU attitudes, and questionnaire design. Author: Robert Johns, University of Strathclyde. Date: January 2008 - May 2008.

Eurobarometer 37 ff., CCEB

In the near future do you see yourself as ... ?

Starting with Eurobarometer 80.1

Do you see yourself as ... ?

1. (NATIONALITY) only 
2. (NATIONALITY) and European 
3. European and (NATIONALITY) 
4. European only

Eurobarometer 61, CCEB2004.1 (questionnaire splitting)

1. (NATIONALITY) only 
2. (NATIONALITY) and European 
3. European only

Eurobarometer 62.0 (questionnaire splitting)

1. (NATIONALITY) only 
2. firstly (NATIONALITY) and then European
3. firstly European and then (NATIONALITY) 
4. European only
5. As (NATIONALITY) as European (SPONTANEOUS)

Eurobarometer 73.4 ff.

1. (NATIONALITY) only 
2. (NATIONALITY) and European
3. European and (NATIONALITY) 
4. European only
5. None (SPONTANEOUS)
6. Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

Eurobarometer 69.2 (NEW)

Thinking about this, to what extent do you personally feel you are ...  

1. European
2. (NATIONALITY)
3. Inhabitant of your region
4. A citizen of the world

Scale 1-4: to a great extent - somewhat - not really - not at all 

Eurobarometer 73.4 (NEW)

For each of the following statements, please tell me to what extent it corresponds or not to your own opinion...

• You feel you are a citizen of the EU
• You know what your rights are as a citizen of the EU
• You would like to know more about your rights as a citizen of the EU

Scale 1-4: yes definitely - yes to some extent - no, bot really - no, definitely not

(1) Please note that the variable names refer to the final ICPSR/ZA codebook editions, if available. 

(2) Different question: a) In the near future, do you see yourself above all as a citizen of the European Union, citizen of (OUR COUNTRY) or a citizen of your region? b) And which next, if any? c) And which next, if any?

(3) In addition and starting with Eurobarometer 54 a new question is introduced asking if the respondent is "very proud, fairly proud, not very proud, or not at all proud to be European" (see "national pride").

(4) Not available in the "Mannheim Eurobarometer Trend File 1970-1999".

(5) Question split with version A (four answer categories) and B (three answer categories - see above)

(6) Question split with version A (four answer categories) and B (five answer categories - see above)

(7) Another question on European Identity has been asked in the Flash-Eurobarometer series in the context of the EURO introduction: "Since using the EURO, do you personally feel a little more European Than before, a little less European than before or would you say that your feeling of being European has not changed?" (Flash Eurobarometer 139, 153, 165, 175, 193).  

(8) Based on Eurobarometer 71.3, QK7_3: "You feel you are a citizen of the EU" - "yes, rather" - "no, rather does not"